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100			_aFreire-Gibb,L Carlos _942936
245			_aInclusive institutions and local economic evolution: Perspectives from Guayaquil and Quito
260			_bSage, _c2019.
300			_aVol 34, Issue 5, 2019(471-488 p.)
520			_aUrbanization is often related to better economic and living standards and, according to the United Nations, by the mid-21st century, 70% of humankind will live in urban areas. Currently, roughly 80% of the populations in North and South America are urbanized, compared to the global average of 55%. Meanwhile, inequality has also been increasing swiftly, and Latin America is among the most unequal regions in the world. With global urbanization and inequality trends rising, examining the urban areas of a Latin American country could shed light on potential evolution paths. Hence, this article outlines the social and economic evolution of Guayaquil and Quito, the two primary cities of Ecuador. In the 20th century, Guayaquil had economic and demographic advantages; however, Quito has since surpassed Guayaquil on several social, demographic and economic indicators. This article suggests that Guayaquil’s relative stagnation is due to an institutional framework favouring the economic and political elites and supports the argument that inclusive local processes and governance (or the lack thereof) can support (or hinder) local economic development.
650			_acities, _942937
650			_adeveloping countries, _942938
650			_a Ecuador, _942939
650			_a elites, _942940
650			_a institutions, _932899
650			_a Latin America, _932470
650			_a local economic development, _942941
650			_a region, _942942
650			_aurbanization _942943
700			_aCarrillo, Luis Tapia _942944
773	0		_011252 _915503 _dSage, 2019. _tLocal economy
856			_uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0269094219866118
942			_2ddc _cART