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008			201228b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aTaranto, Nicholas Di _935980
245			_aPhoenix and the Fight over the Papago-Inner Loop: Race, Class, and the Making of a Suburban Metropolis, 1969-1979
260			_bSage, _c2019.
300			_aVol 45, Issue 2, 2019 (211-229 p. )
520			_aFew postwar cities grew as quickly as Phoenix, as suburban, pro-growth policies created a sprawling metropolitan area, but also problems like acute traffic congestion, which policymakers attempted to solve with an urban freeway. The Papago Freeway revolt highlights that transportation policy, like other aspects of suburbanization, had deep roots in intentional and incidental race and class discrimination at all levels of government and private decisions. Moreover, the debate reveals the changing relationship between the federal government and cities under President Nixon and the incendiary political, social, and cultural forces fracturing metropolitan America. The revolt led to design changes that mitigated some of the negative impacts of the freeway, but the Papago still resulted in inequitable outcomes for minorities and low-income populations in the inner city. Most important, it shows that ignoring historical inequities in policy decisions runs the risk of continuing or, worse, exacerbating them.
650			_aurban policy, _935981
650			_afreeway revolt, _935982
650			_asuburbanization, _932345
650			_aenvironmental policy, _935983
650			_a New Federalism, _935984
650			_a transportation _935985
773	0		_011044 _915476 _dSage, 2019. _tJournal of urban history
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0096144217711438
942			_2ddc _cART