TY - BOOK AU - Nicol, Fergus AU - Humphreys, Michael AU - Roaf, Susan TI - Adaptive thermal comfort : : principles and practice SN - 9780415691598 U1 - 697 PY - 2012/// CY - London PB - Routledge KW - Environmental engineering KW - Architecture KW - climate KW - Buildings KW - Thermal properties N1 - Include bibliographical reference and index; List of illustrations -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- Part I. Principles: building an adaptive model -- 1. Thermal comfort: why it is important -- 1.1. User satisfaction -- 1.2. Energy consumption -- 1.3. Standards, guidelines and legislation for indoor temperature -- 1.4. Adaptation -- 1.5. Comfort outdoors and in intermediate spaces -- 2. Thermal comfort: the underlying processes -- 2.1. Physiology -- 2.2. Psychophysics -- 2.3. Physics -- 2.4. Behaviour -- 2.5. Equations for heat balance in the human body -- 3. Field studies and the adaptive approach -- 3.1. Field surveys of thermal comfort -- 3.2. Post-occupancy surveys -- 3.3. Comfort and indoor temperature: the basic adaptive relationship -- 3.4. Outcomes: indoor comfort and outdoor temperature -- 3.5. The basis of the adaptive model: using surveys to understand comfort -- 3.6. Opening the black box -- 3.7. Adaptive comfort and non-standard buildings -- 3.8. The challenge of climate change -- 3.9. Lessons of the adaptive model for ensuring thermal comfort -- 3.10. An example: naturally ventilated office in summer -- 4. The heat balance approach to defining thermal comfort -- 4.1. The heat balance approach -- 4.2. Problems with the analytical approach -- 4.3. Differences between the results from empirical and analytical investigations -- 5. Standards, guidelines and legislation for the indoor environment -- 5.1. The origin and purpose of standards for indoor climate -- 5.2. International comfort standards today -- 5.3. Discussion of international standards -- 5.4. Legislation -- 5.5. Standards and productivity -- 5.6. Standards and overheating in buildings -- 5.7. The way forward for comfort standards -- 6. Low-energy adaptive buildings -- 6.1. Building design and adaptive comfort -- 6.2. Historic flaws with the mechanical approach to providing comfort -- 6.3. Designing more appropriate buildings -- Appendix: How to make a Nicol graph -- Part II. Practice: conducting a survey in the field and analysing the results -- 7. What sort of survey? -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. The complexity of your survey -- 7.3. Post occupancy evaluation of buildings (POE) -- 8. Instruments and questionnaires -- 8.1. Physical measures -- 8.2. Personal variables -- 8.3. Subjective measures -- 8.4. Other subjective measures -- 8.5. Thermal behaviour -- 8.6. The comfort questionnaire -- Appendix: An example of a longitudinal questionnaire -- 9. Conducting a field study -- 9.1. Choosing a subject population and their environment -- 9.2. Choosing a subject sample -- 9.3. How many observations from each subject and how many subjects? -- 9.4. Time sampling -- 9.5. The data set -- 9.6. Taking the measurements -- 9.7. Lack of variation in the temperature and comfort vote -- 10. Analysis and reporting of field study data -- 10.1. Looking at the data -- 10.2. Simple statistics -- 10.3. More complex statistical methods -- 10.4. Some common problems encountered and some mistakes to avoid -- 10.5. Writing up your results -- List of symbols -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index N2 - This book outlines the theory of adaptive thermal comfort that is essential to understand and inform such building designs. This book should be required reading for all students, teachers and practitioners of architecture, building engineering and management-for all who have a role in producing, and occupying, twenty-first-century adaptive, low-carbon, comfortable buildings. It explains, in a clear arid comprehensible manner, how we stay comfortable by using our bodies, minds, buildings and their systems to adapt to indoor and outdoor conditions, which change with the weather and the climate. The book is in two sections. The first introduces the principles on which the theory of adaptive thermal comfort is based. The second explains how to use field studies to measure thermal comfort in practice and to analyse the data gathered ER -